Viral Hepatitis B Prevalence among Secondary School Students in Zaki Biam Nigeria

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine viral hepatitis B prevalence among secondary school students in Zaki Biam. A total of 250 students from five schools were sampled using multistage sampling technique. Questionnaires were administered in the study to obtain relevant information regarding the research. Blood samples were analyzed using HBsAg test strips. Results obtained indicated that 14 (5.6%) of the sampled population was reactive to HBsAg. Age related infection was highest in 19-21 years (26.67%) and least in 10-12 years (1.15 %). Students who were married (40%) had the highest prevalence in relation to marital status while results based on the risk factors indicated the following prevalence rates; those who had surgical operation (37.50%), blood transfusion (11.11%), sex with individuals whose HBV status was unknown (10.71%), family with HBV history (46.15%) and sharing of sharp objects (8.27%). Prevalence in relation to period of HBV vaccine introduction showed that those born before its introduction had a higher prevalence (16.67%). Chi-square (χ²) analysis showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in HBV infection between age, marital status and the timeline of HBV vaccine introduction. Risk factors indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) for those who had surgical operation, family with HBV history and sharing of sharp objects while there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between those who had blood transfusion, sexual intercourse with individuals whose HBV status was unknown. This study underlines the need for continuous public health education on HBV prevention and the use of vaccine to help reduce the risk of infection and transmission.