Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy and Self-Control Therapy in managing depression among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Plateau State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy and Self-Control Therapy in managing depression among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Plateau State, Nigeria. Adolescents with HIV/AIDS are at heightened risk of psychological distress, particularly depression, due to factors such as stigma, chronic illness, and social exclusion. These challenges are often compounded by limited access to mental health care in resource-constrained settings. A quasi-experimental, pre-test post-test control group design was employed, involving 79 adolescents recruited from General Hospital Langtang, General Hospital Bokkos, and Plateau State Specialist Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: Cognitive Therapy, Self-Control Therapy, and a control group that received no intervention. Over a six-week period, trained therapists delivered weekly intervention sessions. Depression levels were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings revealed that both Cognitive and Self-Control therapies led to statistically significant reductions in depression levels, with Cognitive Therapy showing greater effectiveness in modifying thought patterns and emotional responses, while Self-Control Therapy excelled in helping participants manage impulsivity and behavioral triggers. The study highlights the potential for structured psychological interventions to support the mental health of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in underserved regions. It recommends the integration of evidence-based therapies into adolescent health services and calls for investment in mental health training and service delivery at primary and secondary health care levels.